Supplementary MaterialsFIGURE S1: The methylation status of the gene promoter in LN18 and U251 glioma cells. 72 h (pre-treatment) (A, upper panel) or CK-1827452 inhibition 48 h after expose to TMZ followed by 24 h co-incubation of BIX01294 and TMZ (post-treatment) (B, upper panel). Representative microphotographs show morphology changes of LN18 and U251 glioma cells treated with BIX01294 or TMZ alone or with combination of two drugs. Changes in cell morphology were monitored by phase-contrast microscopy. (A, lower panel) Pictures were taken after 48 h of BIX01294 (2 M) treatment and/or additional 72 h with TMZ (500 M). Level bars symbolize 50 m. (B, lower panel) Pictures were taken after 72 h of TMZ (500 M) treatment or 24 h of BIX1294 (2 M) treatment alone. Additionally, TMZ was treated for 48 h prior to BIX01294, CK-1827452 inhibition which was added for additional 24 h together with TMZ. Scale bars symbolize 50 m. Image_2.TIF (2.5M) GUID:?A2B15869-9E49-447E-801E-72EC176696A3 FIGURE S3: Combining BIX01294 and TMZ induced morphological changes in glioma stem-like cells. (A) Quantitative analysis of and gene expression in LN18 neurospheres (growing in the serum-free medium made up of rh EGF and rh bFGF) as compared to the parental/adherent cells (growing in the presence of serum) (= 6, ?? 0.01, ??? 0.001, and gene promoter methylation in control and BIX01294-treated adherent LN18 and LN18 spheres was determined using methylation-specific PCR assay. The PCR products were separated on 1.5% agarose gel, visualized by SimplySafe staining. PC, positive controls for methylated or unmethylated DNA, respectively. NC, unfavorable control for methylated and unmethylated DNA. H20, control without DNA. Image_3.TIF (1.0M) GUID:?5250F5A4-746A-4D75-B5E5-6F1C4A9F66CC Physique S4: Induction of autophagy in glioma cells by BIX01294 and TMZ combination. (A) Conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was determined by Western blotting. -Actin was used as a loading control. LN18 cells were exposed to 2 M BIX01294 for 48 h or 500 M TMZ for 72 h alone or in combination with two drugs. Treatment with BIX01294 preceded a treatment with TMZ. The results are representative of four impartial experiments. (B) Bar graph shows densitometric evaluation of the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I normalized to -Actin levels and untreated cells. Each bar represents the imply SEM of four impartial experiments. ? 0.05, ?? 0.01 compared to untreated control. # 0.05 BIX01294 or TMZ-treated cells versus cells treated with both drugs (test in ANOVA). Image_4.TIF (837K) GUID:?3E76D75B-BB5A-4575-8386-7E7B7E80A876 TABLE CK-1827452 inhibition S1: Sequences of primers used in this work. Table_1.docx (12K) GUID:?E4EBD2D5-AF6A-4E57-8E12-51FD2961B90B Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant, main brain tumor, highly resistant to conventional therapies. Temozolomide (TMZ) is usually a first collection therapeutic agent in GBM patients, however, survival of such patients is usually poor. High level of DNA repair protein, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and occurrence of glioma stem-like cells contribute to GBM resistance to the drug. Here, we explored a possibility of epigenetic reprograming of glioma cells to increase sensitivity to TMZ and restore apoptosis competence. We combined TMZ treatment with BIX01294, an inhibitor of histone methyltransferase G9a, known to be involved in cancerogenesis. Two treatment combinations were tested: BIX01294 was administered to human LN18 and U251 glioma cell cultures 48 h before TMZ or 48 h after TMZ treatment. Despite their different status of the gene promoter, there was no correlation with the response to TMZ. The analyses of cell viability, appearance of apoptotic alterations in morphology of cells and nuclei, and CK-1827452 inhibition markers of apoptosis, such as levels of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 7 and PARP, revealed that both pre-treatment and post-treatment with BIX01294 sensitize glioma cells to TMZ. CK-1827452 inhibition The additive effect was stronger in LN18 cells. Moreover, BIX01294 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of TMZ on glioma stem-like cells, although it was not associated with modulation of the pluripotency markers (and gene promoters. Accordingly, knockdown of methyltransferase G9a augments TMZ-induced cell death in LN18 cells. We found the significant increases of the LC3-II levels in LN18 cells treated with BIX01294 alone and with drug combination that suggests involvement of autophagy in enhancement of anti-tumor effect of TMZ. Treatment with BIX01294 did not affect methylation of the gene promoter. Altogether, our results suggest that G9a is usually a potential therapeutic target in malignant glioma and the treatment with the G9a inhibitor reprograms glioma cells and glioma stem-like cells to increase sensitivity to TMZ and restore apoptosis competence. gene promoter is usually prognostic for Rabbit Polyclonal to CaMK2-beta/gamma/delta better end result after TMZ chemotherapy (Hegi et al., 2008). One of the obstacle in GBM therapy is usually considerable heterogeneity at cellular and molecular levels. GBMs contain.