Supplementary Materialsoncotarget-08-101560-s001. (LQ) model was used Abiraterone kinase activity assay [28]. For CD44+CD24+ESA+ cells, is definitely 0.148, is 0.045, mean surviving fraction at 2 Gy [SF2Gy] = 0.62. For L3.6pl cells, is usually 0.514, is 0.02, mean surviving portion at 2 Gy [SF2Gy] = 0.33 (Figure ?(Figure2D).2D). The results showed that CD44+CD24+ESA+ cells were more radioresistant than L3.6pl cells. Furthermore, in comparison to L3.6pl cells, CD44+CD24+ESA+ cells showed high expression of Sox2 (Number ?(Number2E),2E), which is a key factor involved in CSCs maintenance [29]. To investigate whether sorted CSCs display long-term tumorigenic potential, we evaluated their ability to generate tumors after serial transplantations. As demonstrated in Table ?Table1,1, CD133+ cells showed enhanced tumorigenic potential than CD133C cells ( 0.05). As few as 500 CD133+ cells are capable of generating visible tumors after 40 days. In contrast, no visible tumors were observed with CD133- cells under the same conditions (Number ?(Figure2F).2F). Taken together, sorted CD133+ cells or CD44+CD24+ESA+ cells showed the enhanced tumorigenic potential, improved manifestation of the stemness related molecule Sox2 and highly resistant to radiation, showing their stem cell properties as earlier works reported. Table 1 Tumor formation ability of sorted pancreatic CSCs and 0.05, ** 0.01. Table 2 Tumor formation ability of sorted pancreatic CSCs after indicated treatments 91.1% 5.9% in IR group), indicating loss of self-renewal potential. Actually, treatment with IR+HT significantly decreased mammosphere-forming ability in CSCs compared to IR only across the entire measured radiation dose range (2C6 Gy) (Number ?(Figure3E).3E). Even at 12 Gy, the surviving fractions based on mammosphere formation were 42.0% 0.6% for IR group 35.6% 1.9% for IR+HT group. In order to analyze quantitatively, the dose-response curves were fitted by LQ model. For IR, is definitely 0.08341, is C0.0034, for IR+HT, is 0.16175, is C0.01079. The percentage of these two slopes is definitely 1.94 (the percentage of these two slopes is 1.83 when fixed from the linear response), showing a considerable enhancement in cell killing with hyperthermia. In addition, IR+HT significantly decreased average mammosphere size compared with IR Abiraterone kinase activity assay only (the diameter is definitely 81.4 22.9 m for IR+HT 122.6 26.7 m for IR Abiraterone kinase activity assay alone) (Number ?(Figure3F).3F). Collectively, these studies demonstrate that IR combined HT is more effective than radiation only in reducing the self-renewal Rabbit Polyclonal to TRMT11 capacity of CSCs. The addition of hyperthermia to radiation significantly reduced CSCs proliferation and viability We next assessed the effect of hyperthermia on survival and proliferation in breast CSCs and pancreatic CSCs. As demonstrated in Figure ?Number4A,4A, IR alone had no significant impact on cell number compared to control cells until 72 hours, on the contrary, HT alone significantly reduced survival fraction based on cell number compared with sham-treated cells (Number ?(Figure4A).4A). However, treatment with combined IR and HT significantly reduced breast CSCs survival by additional 13% at 48 hours and 28% at 72 hours compared to HT Abiraterone kinase activity assay only respectively (Number ?(Figure4A).4A). Additionally, a significant decrease in cell number at 72 hours was also observed in heated-irradiated pancreatic CSCs when compared to heated CSCs or irradiated CSCs (the relative viable cell number of HT only and IR only were 86.1% 8.3% and 84.2% 5.1% 64.4% 7.2% for IR+HT, 0.05, Figure ?Number4B4B). Open in a separate window Number 4 The addition of hyperthermia to radiation significantly reduced cell proliferation and viability in breast CSCs and pancreatic CSCs(A) The surviving fraction of CD44+CD24C CSCs based on cell number counting at 24, 48, 72 hours after indicated treatments. (B) The surviving fraction of CD44+CD24+ESA+ CSCs based on cell number counting at 72 hours after indicated treatments. (C) The surviving fraction of CD44+CD24C CSCs based Abiraterone kinase activity assay on cell viability was recognized by CCK-8 at 48 hours post indicated treatments. The results are offered as the mean SD, as identified from three self-employed experiments. * 0.05, ** 0.01. To determine whether the reduction in.