We tested the hypothesis that removing endocardial endothelium (EE) negatively effects the force-frequency relationship (FFR) of ventricular myocardium and dissected the signaling that underlies this phenomenon. proportionally with the increase in frequency. This effect was completely lost in EED muscles. Again combining ISO and ET-1 fully restored the frequency-dependent rise in PKA and PKC activity… Continue reading We tested the hypothesis that removing endocardial endothelium (EE) negatively effects